This laboratory assay identifies IgG (predominantly IgG4) autoantibodies against NF155. NF155 is expressed by Schwann cells at the paranodal region of peripheral nerves and is crucial for stabilising paranodal axo-glial junctions between the axon and myelin. These junctions separate the node of Ranvier from the internode and ensure efficient saltatory conduction. Anti-NF155 antibodies disrupt this interaction and normal nerve function, causing demyelination and impaired peripheral nerve conduction. Immunogenetically, anti-NF155 antibodies belong to subclass IgG4 are strongly associated with allele HLA-DRB1*15.
The disorder associated with anti-NF155 is a specific form of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), typically with earlier onset (often <40 years) and a phenotype of distal weakness, coarse low-frequency, high-amplitude tremor, and sensory ataxia; cerebellar signs and facial palsies may occur. Electrophysiology shows a demyelinating pattern with prolonged distal latencies and F-waves. CSF protein is frequently elevated, signalling inflammation. Response to IVIG is often limited, whereas rituximab and plasmapheresis tend to be more effective, with reduction in antibody titres and clinical improvement.
In general, the form of autoimmune neuropathy associated with anti-NF155 antibodies, together with those associated with anti-NF186, anti-CNTN1 and anti-CASPR1 antibodies, respectively, falls into the category of “nodopathies” or “autoimmune paranodopathies,” a group of autoimmune neuropathies characterized by autoantibodies against node and paranode adhesion molecules. They have clinical characteristics that are quite distinct from classic CIDP. None show clear signs of inflammation or macrophage-mediated demyelination, and all respond poorly to specific treatments for CIDP. This test is useful and essential in the differential diagnosis and therapeutic management of demyelinating neuropathies.
Serum, plasma
IFA cells
Fasting for at least 8-12 hours before sampling
Refer to the Health Service Charter to check storage conditions
+2/+8°C
This test provides the quantitative determination of total tau protein to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
This test provides the quantitative determination of tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau181), to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Test for the determination of human autoantibodies against NMDAR to support the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with an intermediate-risk phenotype.
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