Anti-TIF1γ antibodies

SARDs are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by dysregulation of the immune system, that starts to turn against the body’s own tissues. Major SARDs include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and Sjögren’s syndrome. These diseases can affect multiple organs and share common symptoms such as fatigue, fever, joint pain and skin rash. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment and specific autoantibody tests. Early diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate therapy and slow down disease progression.

Anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies are directed against transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ), also known as TRIM33, part of the TRIM (Tripartite Motif-containing) protein family that plays a crucial role in several biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and innate immune response.

Anti-TIF1γ antibodies are considered specific markers for dermatomyositis (DM), with an estimated prevalence of 15–38% in adult patients and 20–30% in juvenile cases. In adults, particularly those over 40 years of age, their presence is strongly associated with an increased risk of malignancy: 50–75% of anti-TIF1γ–positive patients develop cancer, most frequently involving the breast, ovary, lung or colon. In contrast, in juvenile dermatomyositis these autoantibodies are common but show no correlation with malignancy.

As a result, their serological detection is highly relevant for identifying distinct clinical phenotypes, stratifying oncological risks and guiding therapeutic management.